Approximately 80% of vanadium produced is used as ferrovanadium or as a steel additive. Other uses:
* In such alloys as
specialty stainless steel, e.g. for use in surgical instruments and tools.
rust resistant and high speed tool steels.
mixed with aluminium in titanium alloys used in jet engines and high-speed airframes
* Vanadium steel alloys are used in axles, crankshafts, gears, and other critical components.
* It is an important carbide stabilizer in making steels.
* Because of its low fission neutron cross section, vanadium has nuclear applications.
* Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
* Vanadium-gallium tape is used in superconducting magnets (175,000 gauss).
* Vanadium pentoxide V2O5 is used as a catalyst in manufacturing sulfuric acid (via the contact process) and maleic anhydride. It is also used in making ceramics and glass manufacturing.
* Glass coated with vanadium dioxide VO2 can block infrared radiation (and not visible light) at a specific temperature.
* Electrical fuel cells and storage batteries such as vanadium redox batteries.
* Added to corundum to make simulated alexandrite jewelry.
* Vanadate electrochemical conversion coatings for protecting steel against rust and corrosion
* Lithium vanadium oxide is proposed for use as a high energy density anode for lithium ion batteries, at 745Wh/l when paired with a lithium cobalt oxide cathode.[2]
* Used to make lacrosse shafts
* Possibly used to make Wootz steel and Damascus steel.
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